Stay-Contextual Trigger: A Confidence-Based Algorithm for Energy-Efficient and Behaviorally Grounded Mobile Notifications

Yudhy Setyo Purwanto; Rahmat Gernowo; Dinar Mutiara Kusumo Nugraheni

doi:10.7250/csimq.2026-48.02

Stay-Contextual Trigger: A Confidence-Based Algorithm for Energy-Efficient and Behaviorally Grounded Mobile Notifications

Authors

Yudhy Setyo Purwanto Doctoral Program of Information Systems, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Indonesia and Faculty of Energy Telematics, Institut Teknologi PLN, Jakarta, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7278-9395
Rahmat Gernowo Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2409-7295
Dinar Mutiara Kusumo Nugraheni Department of Informatics, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4429-8462

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.7250/csimq.2026-48.02

Keywords:

Context-Aware Computing, Mobile Notification Systems, Energy-Efficient Sensing, Activity Recognition, Stay-State Triggering

Abstract

Context-aware mobile applications often trigger notifications based solely on geofence entry, leading to high battery consumption and disruptive alerts during transient movement. To address this, we propose the Stay-Contextual Trigger (SCT) framework, which gates high-power GNSS activation behind low-power activity recognition and enforces a context-adaptive dwell-time requirement before delivering any notification. We evaluate SCT through a 14-day field study with 60 compliant Android users (Per-Protocol analysis after attrition filtering), comparing it against standard geofencing in four real-world outdoor zones. The SCT system computes a Contextual Readiness Score via a Confidence-Based Weighted Algorithm (CBWA), dynamically adjusting the weights of activity, proximity, dwell time, and behavioral history based on location semantics. Results show that SCT reduces daily battery drain by 40.3% (from 19.30% to 11.52%), increases notification acceptance from 32.5% to 89.4%, and achieves a System Usability Scale score of 81.25, an 18.8-point improvement over the control group’s 62.42. The high acceptance rate (89.4%) further validates sustained user engagement, ensuring metrics reflect consistent usage. These findings demonstrate that behavioral readiness, not mere proximity, is essential for sustainable and user-respectful mobile systems.

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